The electronic passport in 2020 and beyond

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Electronic and biometric passports

Migration to Electronic passport has been in progress since 2005, and more than 150 states have started issuing this new type of travel document in mid-2019. 

The passport format defined in 1920 is unchanged. The booklet size is the familiar B7 format (125 × 88 mm or 4.921 × 3.465 in). 

But unlike ordinary passports, the electronic passport has a contactless microprocessor which stores a digital version of the ID photo as well as all of the ID data found on the first page of the paper passport. 

Besides, digital fingerprints can be stored. In this case, it is referred to as a biometric passport or second generation of electronic passport or e-passport.

A decade after the launch of the first wave of electronic passports, we see four common trends in the approaches being adopted in electronic passport migration, the technologies selected, and the impacts on existing processes and the overall passport design.

Let's dig in.

4 trends in electronic passport migration​​

First​, plan a total document update.

Countries that have introduced new electronic passports over the past decade have taken the opportunity to update their national travel document.

They have added a range of additional visual and electronic security features to combat identity fraud and to strengthen national and international confidence in travel documents. 

Second, reengineer existing processes.

The introduction of a microprocessor-based passport has also been the catalyst for reengineering life cycle processes, from enrollment to issuance. It is now facilitating border control as Automatic border control gates are being implemented in airports. 

Third, count on the e-passport.

The critical components of new electronic passports involve technology and solutions which are robust and fully capable of delivering the results required. 

Then, set new design expectations.

Last but not least, authorities have set new design expectations for distinctive passports that are as secure as they are attractive. 

Many countries have been able to deliver unique travel documents that become works of art and symbols of trust and pride in the hands of millions. 

The Norwegian passport​ in the making and to be launched in 2018 and the Finnish passport launched in January 2017 are two vivid examples illustrating this trend.​

The future of travel documents

Thales also identifies three significant changes in travel documentation:​

More ultra-secure documents

​We forecast a swift migration to tamper-proof polycarbonate data pages, which dramatically reduce the risk of fraud, as illustrated by the choice made for the 2020 British passport​ in April 2018 and Thailand more recently in 2019.

Digital travel credentials to emerge

Integrating the passport with innovative smartphone apps can provide impressive opportunities from border control to on-line identification and authentication for eGov services (see France's ALICEM) or even eKYC procedures. ​​

A new generation of ePassport to come​

The next generation of electronic passport will also include new electronic features.

A new generation of electronic passports will soon digitally store travel information such as eVisas and entry/exit stamps to support even more efficient immigration control. With LDS2 (logical data structure version 2), the new generation of electronic passport to come will move from read-only to read and write. 

The ICAO NTWG (New Technologies Working group) undertook the LSD2 conception phase in 2016 and is progressing fast.

Electronic passport: 2019 and beyond

​Over 1B e-passports in circulation 

With over 1,000 million ePassports now in circulation, smart borders and smart airports are emerging at a faster pace. 

Combined with a strong push behind biometrics (particularly face recognition​), they open the door to a comprehensive range of automated, self-service airport facilities for passengers, from check-in to immigration control and boarding  

They offer travelers a taste of cross-border movement that is as secure as it is swift and seamless.​​​

To know more on biometrics and aviation, visit our web dossier: Biometrics to transform air travel and the "passenger experience."​

264 million new ePassports in 2018 alone

According to Future Market Insights (FMI), over 264 million electronic passports were sold in 2018. 

The study also forecasts a compound annual growth rate of 21% through 2028 for the e-passport market.

FMI states that developing economies are still held back because of a lack of capital and technological know-how.