Last updated March 2023

Average reading time 10 minutes

Older readers might remember a time when computers were unconnected. Every task was local.

Then came the internet.

At first, going online merely enhanced local tasks – sending a file, finding information, sourcing assets. But in time, the internet itself became the dominant force. For many users, today’s computer is a mere node in a giant collaborative network.

The car is on the same journey.

Today’s vehicles are connected, and we’re in a world of smart transportation. They have GPS, in-car entertainment, and telematics.

But the next wave of connectivity will see the car in constant ‘conversation’ with other vehicles, also known as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.

 

Creating a green infrastructure on the road

As the software-defined, ultra-connected vehicle becomes a reality, the network will make many of the decisions.

From over-the-air updates to enhance the overall driving experience, the amount of data consumed will increase exponentially.

It will apply machine learning to the constant flow of data to make changes that improve the smart city’s green infrastructure, ease traffic, allocate parking spaces, schedule maintenance works, and so on.
 

 

The way we think about driving will change, says Dominique Doucet, Digital VP of Comfort & Driving Assistance at connected car tech company Valeo.

“By being connected to the cloud, the vehicle will (eventually) be optimized for the cloud. That will change our definition of the car,” he says. 

Turning this vision into reality will be a huge technical challenge.

Cars and connected ‘things’ create much more data than computers and smartphones.

 

Connected vehicles and the data challenge

Intel estimates that autonomous cars, with hundreds of on-vehicle sensors, will generate 40TB of data for eight hours of driving.

Think about it.

That’s 3,000 times more data than the average person would generate in the same period of time. Sending, receiving, and analyzing these data streams will require vast bandwidth.

Then there’s latency.

Connected cars have to make decisions in real-time, such as bringing the car to a stop when it detects a pedestrian in its path. Lives could be at stake if there’s any lag in the system, so connections must be continuous and reliable.

Finally, capacity.

The network will need to support millions of connected ‘things’ in constant conversation. It has to do so without crashing or slowing down significantly. 

 

Connected vehicles: The role of networks 

Today’s cars use WiFi and/or 4G to send and receive data.

However, most insiders believe 5G is best able to deliver the long-term promise of smart transportation and its ability to play a valuable role in creating green infrastructure. It certainly has the technical capabilities:

  • Speed – peak data rate can hit 20Gbps downlink and 10Gbps uplink per mobile base station, while real-world speeds are closer to 100Mbps (download) and 50Mbps (upload).
  • Latency – four milliseconds in typical conditions and one millisecond for use cases that demand the utmost speed. 
  • Capacity – 5G should be able to support one million connected devices per square kilometer. 

Of course, a 5G network comprises much more than just the transmission of the data.

There’s the question of how to connect millions of devices physically. Clearly, the standard removable phone SIM is not fit for purpose.

Today, the industry is experimenting with rugged eSIMs that can be soldered in place during the manufacturing process and then configured remotely once in position without touching the vehicle.

A car’s eSIM also makes it simple for a connectivity subscription to pass from owner to owner when a car is sold, limiting disruption for the new owner and keeping the car connected throughout its lifecycle.

Identity is a similar challenge.

Every device in the network needs to be discrete and identifiable. This is why companies are now offering systems that help city planners and car manufacturers track and manage their devices from a central location.

Speedy 5G networks will pave the way for smart transportation.  The 5G connectivity will improve car-to-car communication, and it will help in the better relay of information such as traffic/road conditions, any accidents on the road, speed limits and much more.

The upcoming electric vehicles will also utilise the advantages of 5G, and if not self-driving cars, you will be driving a 5G connected vehicle in the future.

A connected vehicle uses different types of communication technologies, and this is where automotive and information technology works hand in hand. Below are the different types of connectivity technologies:

•    Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I): This type of connectivity is used mainly for the safety of the vehicle. The vehicle communicates with the road infrastructure, and shares/receives information such as traffic/road/weather condition, speed limits, accidents, etc.
•    Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V): The vehicle-to-vehicle communication system allows the real-time exchange of information between vehicles. V2V is also used for the safety of vehicles.
•    Vehicle to Cloud (V2C): The V2C connection is established via the wireless LTE network, and it relays data with the cloud. Vehicle to cloud connectivity is mainly used for downloading over-the-air (OTA) vehicle updates, remote vehicle diagnostics or to connect with any IoT devices.
•    Vehicle to Pedestrian (V2P): One of the newest systems used in connected vehicles is the V2P system, and it is also for safety purposes. Vehicles use sensors to detect pedestrians, which gives collision warnings.
•    Vehicle to Everything (V2X): The combination of all the above-mentioned types of connectivity is known as V2X connectivity.
 

Edge computing and connected cars

One way to mitigate the pressure on central data centers is to process some of the information locally – in the car itself.

This is edge computing.

Let's explain.

An edge gateway in the vehicle can analyze the data and then send only the relevant information to the cloud. This tech is considered essential to the future of connected driving. 

Ultimately, once cars are connected to fast networks, there are sure to be many unexpected effects – just as ‘always on’ smartphones enabled novel marriages of telephony and computing.

Doucet believes one possibility will be to download a new in-car experience. “You will be able to buy new functionality that you did not have when you bought [the car],” he says.

“This is about the digitalization of the vehicle itself, which will change the relationship between the driver, the fleet owner, the manufacturer, and the supplier.”
 

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